montagnarde1793: (OMSBWTF?)
montagnarde1793 ([personal profile] montagnarde1793) wrote2007-05-13 02:24 pm

Books

So, I got some books on the Revolution for my birthday (which was 4 Floréal, if anyone wants to know), and I had a very elaborate post with analysis and review of all of them that I made last weekend. Unfortunately livejournal ate it, so I'm just going to post about them my category, the first being plays. Actually, I didn't get all of these for my birthday; I just figured now would be a good time to discuss them.

La Pitié sous la Terreur Julien Travers (1869)

Okay, so I probably should have realized with a title like that, this play would be rabidly Dantoniste, but anyway... Most of it's pretty annoying and Danton-worshipping, so I didn't read the whole thing. At the risk of sounding repetitive though, I will share some of the scenes I did read, because they were rather WTF-inducing. So here:

Acte IV.

(Chez Robespierre.)

Scène Première

Lucile Desmoulins, Éléonore Duplay, dite Cornélie

LUCILE. 
Que ce dernier essai soit traité de folie, 
Je tente... -Éléonore, ou plutôt Cornélie,
Robespierre est ici ? Lui seul est mon espoir !
Vite, que je lui parle.

CORNÉLIE. 
On ne peut pas le voir.

LUCILE. 
L'heure presse ! Il y va des jours de mon Camille !
Le glaive est suspendu sur toute ma famille ;
Mon époux lutte encore, mais l'affreux tribunal
Peut-être en ce moment rend un arrêt fatal.

CORNÉLIE.
Robespierre jamais n'entrave la justice.

LUCILE.
Est-ce que des bourreaux il se rendrait complice ?

CORNÉLIE.
Garde-toi d'accuser un si grand citoyen.

LUCILE.
Ah ! loin de l'accuser, je réclame un lien
Qui réunit longtemps deux amis de collège.

CORNÉLIE.
Contre tous les soupçons sa vertu le protège :
Il ne voit que le bien public, et l'amitié,
Au mépris du devoir, ne l'a jamais lié.

LUCILE.
Son devoir n'est-il pas de sauver l'innocence ?

CORNÉLIE.
L'innocence au jury présente sa défense,
Et l'absolution n'appartient qu'à la loi.

LUCILE.
Mais la loi sans pitié n'inspire que l'effroi.
Fouquier, pour acquitter son tribut de victimes,
Haineux, travestissant tous ses actes en crimes,
D'un arrêt convenu fait un assassinat.

CORNÉLIE.
Attaquer le jury, c'est attaquer l'État.

LUCILE.
Quel jury !... mais qu'importe ? écoute ma prière,
Seconde mon recours au coeur de Robespierre.
Prends et lis cette lettre, et juge de mon sort ;
Cette lettre... serait-ce un testament de mort ?

CORNÉLIE lisant.
"Camille Desmoulins à sa Lucile.

"Duodi, germinal, cinq heures du matin.

"Le sommeil bienfaisant a suspendu mes maux. On est libre quand on dort ; je t'ai vue en songe et je me suis réveillé, et j'ai fondu en larmes, ou plut
ôt j'ai sanglotté en criant dans mon tombeau : Lucile ! Lucile ! ô ma chère Lucile ! où es-tu ?"

Je vois à cet endroit la trace d'une larme, 
Il l'aime !

LUCILE.
Continue à lire, cède au charme.

CORNÉLIE.
"...Tu n'imagines pas ce que c'est que d'être au secret, sans savoir pour quelle raison, sans avoir été interrogé, sans recevoir un journal ! C'est vivre et être mort tout ensemble ; c'est n'exister que pour sentire qu'on est dans un cercueil ! Et c'est Robespierre qui a signé l'ordre de mon emprisonnement !"

(A part.) Il a signé ?... Camille est un conspirateur.

"...J'avais rêvé une république que tout le monde eût adorée. Je n'ai pu croire que des hommes fussent si féroces et si injustes. Je ne dissimule point que je meurs victime de mon amitié pour Danton....."

C'est un aveu : Danton était l'ami de coeur.

"...Malgré mon supplice, je crois qu'il y a un Dieu. Mon sang effacera mes fautes, les faiblesses de l'humanité ; et ce que j'ai eu de bon, mes vertus, mon amour de la liberté, Dieu le récompensera. Je te reverrai un jour, Lucile ! Sensible comme je l'étais, la mort, qui me délivre de tant de crimes, est-elle un si grand malheur ? Adieu, ma vie, mon âme, ma divinité sur la terre ! Adieu, Lucile ! ma Lucile ! ma chère Lucile ! Adieu, Horace, Annette, Adèle ! Adieu, mon père ! Je sens fuir devant moi le rivage de la vie. Je vois encore Lucile ! Je la vois, ma bien-aimée ! ma Lucile ! Mes mains liées t'embrassent, et ma tête séparée repose encore sur toi mes yeux mourants."

(Cornélie s'arrête pensive après cette lecture, et sort de sa rêverie en disant avec fermeté :)

Un si grand désespoir est l'aveu d'un coupable
Que l'accusation tient, que la preuve accable,
Qui n'a rien à répondre.

LUCILE.
Ah ! tu ne sais donc pas
Que ces jurés vendus ne sont qu'un vil ramas
D'hommes vils !

CORNÉLIE.
J'en connais de purs, à l'
âme tendre,
Esprits droits : devant eux, Marat sut se défendre
Avec calme ; Marat fut absous, et Danton
Hier, au tribunal, semblait de Charenton
Sorti pour éclater dans toute sa démence :
C'était l'immense orgueil mettant sa vanité
Dans le mépris des lois et de la liberté.

LUCILE.
La liberté ? les lois ?... on n'en a tenu compte.
Ces odieux débats ont été clos (
ô honte !)
En fermant tout à coup la bouche aux accusés.

CORNÉLIE.
Eux, Lucile, à quel point n'étaient-ils pas osés ?
De leur bancs quelques-uns, turbulents indociles,
A leurs juges lançaient d'insolents projectiles.

LUCILE.
Provoqués... irrités... Mais, grâce pour celui
Que Robespierre seul peut sauver aujourd'hui.
Robespierre à ma voix serait-il insensible ?
Non, non ! fais qu'à l'instant je lui parle.

CORNÉLIE.
Impossible !
Il est le maître, ici ses ordres sont sacrés.

LUCILE.
Tu ne sais pas le prix des moments différés !
Au nom de mon époux, que l'échafaud menace ;
Au nom de mon enfant, de mon petit Horace,
Que souvent Robespierre a pris sur ses genoux,
Qu'il aimait à couvrir de baisers, sauve-nous !

CORNÉLIE.
Je ne puis.

LUCILE.
Hâtons-nous à instants suprêmes.

CORNÉLIE.
Je respecte son ordre.

LUCILE.
Et l'on dit que tu l'aimes !
Songe donc à sa gloire, à la postérité ;
Abandonner Camille est une lâcheté.

CORNÉLIE.
Robespierre est mon Dieu, mon amour, mon idole :
L'avenir à son nom réserve une auréole
Qu'en dépit des pervers rien ne pourra flétrir.

LUCILE.
C'est mon arrêt ! Je suis résolue à mourir.
L'amant a bien choisi son amante barbare !
Adieu !... tremble du sort que l'hymen te prépare ;
Ou plutôt ne crains pas : à son dernier succès
Touche la tyrannie expirant dans l'excès,
Et j'emporte l'espoir de prochaines vengeances.
Vous moissonnerez tous vos horribles semences :
Dans Paris indigné va retentir ma voix ;
Paris se lèvera pour défendre les lois.
Adieu !

Scène II.

CORNÉLIE, seule.
Cours à la mort ! femme que je déteste.
Robespierre l'aima cette beauté funeste,
Lucile !... A Desmoulins elle s'unit un jour,
Et de mon adoré son coeur garda l'amour.
Aux visites du soir, sa main berçait Horace ;
Dans une âme héroïque on usurpait... ma place...
Et j'entrevis à peine une ombre de bonheur
Quand l'homme s'éteignit dans le législateur.
Sans cesse alors formant quelque projet utile,
Et tout à la patrie, il oubliait Lucile ;
Ou, pour se reposer, m'appelant au jardin,
Il lisait les amours d'Estelle et Némorin.
Quels doux soirs j'ai passés, écoutant sa lecture !
Quelles réflexions ! comme il sent la nature !
Grand et simple, avec moi c'est un enfant soumis.
Pourquoi faut-il, hélas ! qu'il ait tant d'ennemis ?
Je sais que sa vertu les blesse, les irrite ;
Dociles, escortant l'astre dans son orbite,
Que ne s'éclairent-ils au feu de ses rayons ?
Mais non : chacun s'égare en ses opinions,
Et, jaloux de ses plans, ne veut pas reconnaître,
Le droit pour souverain, Robespierre pour maître.

Quel autre cependant, en nos temps pervertis,
Peut d'une main plus ferme enchaîner les partis,
Et, portant des coups sûr, hardiment légitimes,
Braver pour la vertu l'apparence des crimes ?
-A leurs yeux défiants échappe ta grandeur,
Sublime citoyen ! jamais ta profondeur
Par ces jaloux esprits ne sera soupçonnée.
Eh bien ! fauche l'ivraie, achève ta journée,
Moissonneur : aux prisons tous les traîtres ! il faut
Continuer sans peur l'oeuvre de l'échafaud,
Et qu'aux abois, sans chefs, la France se rassure
En te voyant enfin prendre la dictature.

Scène III.

Robespierre, Cornélie.

ROBESPIERRE.
Dictature !... tu crois à mon ambition !
Dictature !... ce mot est la solution
Qu'à mon patriotisme admet la calomnie.
Tu crois à ses clameurs.

CORNÉLIE.
Je crois à ton génie.
L'anarchie à pleins bords roule un fleuve de sang ;
Ose, pour l'arrêter, monter au premier rang.

ROBESPIERRE.
Qu'il coule et roule au loin ses ondes infestées.
Mes paroles sans poids ne sont pas écoutées ;
Le contrat social est méconnu ; l'effort
Doit tendre à niveler, niveler par la mort.
Le peuple souverain aspire à sa couronne.

CORNÉLIE.
Heureux qui la conquiert !

ROBESPIERRE.
Malheureux qui la donne !
Pour l'attacher au front du peuple, quels travaux !
Et comment à la gloire aller par les bourreaux ?
Danton, Fabre, Camille ont parlé d'indulgence :
Beau rôle que celui d'édicter la clémence
Quand l'heure en est venue... Hypocrites amis,
Par un espoir coupable ils ont tous compromis...-
-Saint-Just devait venir... et Saint-Just ne vient pas !
Ils sont jugés : qui met obstacle à leur trépas ?
Je tremble que le peuple... Ah ! voilà mon fidèle !
Rassure-moi, Saint-Just.

Scène IV.

Robespierre, Saint-Just, Cornélie.

[...]

CORNÉLIE.
Je vous quitte, je veux voir passer le convoi.

SAINT-JUST.
Pour la dernière fois contemple ces artistes
En émeutes, et crie: "A bas les royalistes !"

...........................................................................Stupid Dantonistes. I might have known. Although, I'm not sure I could have know it was *that* fucked up. Seriously....is there a rule somewhere that says women have to be either angelic or evil? Or, forget women--people in general? And I'm really not sure which is more unlikely: that Maxime is in love with Lucile or that Éléonore is trying to set Maxime up as a dictator... >___<

Anyway...

In the second play, Maximilien Robespierre : Drame en 5 actes et en prose by Robert Griepenkerl (translated from German to French by Auguste Dietrich in 1892), random people who should not be there are involved, Tallien Bitch is some sort of Cassandra-esque mystic and Éléonore, while not encouraging Maxime to betray all his principles by making himself dictator (Saint-Just does that here), does some pretty unlikely things--such as running around the night of 9 Thermidor trying to rally the sections. (Because, as awesome as that would have been, it's, number one, out of character, and number two, it just didn't happen.)

The last play, though far more recent (1996), is equally as bizarre. It's Le masque de Robespierre by Gilles Aillaud and the only characters, in order of appearance are Mme Duplay (here called by her first name, Françoise), David, Maxime, Couthon, Saint-Just, David's Assistants, and Delorme (who only appears in the last scene). There is no explanation for this, nor for the random and rather disturbing Maxime/Mme Duplay, as there is no introduction or conclusion.
....No, I'm not making this last up. Witness:

FRANÇOISE.
Temps de malheur ! Ainsi, bien que trois [cinq] fois mère, mère de trois [quatre] filles, après une vie paisiblement occupée à les élever, depuis que ce révolutionnaire implacable a mis les pieds chez moi je ne trouve plus le repos. Je lui étais donc destinée. Cet homme était pour moi aussi sûrement qu'il attire la foudre. Le coup de foudre... Vouée, comme si j'étais une vierge, à un desin fatal. Car il n'y aura pas pour lui de temps meilleur. Ça ne peut que finir mal. On dirait qu'il le cherche. Plus qu'il ne l'attire, il est attiré par la foudre.

[...]

FRANÇOISE.
Tu demandes l'impossible.

ROBESPIERRE.
Je sais. Excuse-moi. (Il l'embrasse).

........................*sighs* It's apparently impossible to write a play that makes any sense. Or maybe I'm just unlucky enough to have run into the only three that don't. >___>

If anyone wants anything translated, by the way, feel free to ask!

I'll be back soon with either biographies or novels. ^__^

Edit: W. T. F. But then... from whence: "It is a pity, for example, that more is not said about the female companions of the Jacobin 'villains' in this piece: Marat's common-law wife Simone Evrard, or Robespierre's sisters." Perhaps if books about women in the Revolution followed this advice, reviewers would have heard of Éléonore. Or is that asking too much, I wonder? ...I suppose better they not have heard of her than have them have the opinion of the first play in this post, though.

[identity profile] maelicia.livejournal.com 2007-05-14 09:49 pm (UTC)(link)
Those articles are my nightmare.

FIRST ARTICLE
If the French revolution is arguably the most dramatic single event in European history before 1914
Why do they compare the revolution which propulses the world into the contemporary era, the revolution in which everything is created and turned into something approximately achievable, in which they fight against despotism, oppression and privileges, to a destructive, imperialist war?

The ghost at the feast is the emblematic figure of Liberty, who at her high point was shown as the bare-breasted suckler of the nation, before being replaced during the terror by a muscular hunk.
What the fuck are they speaking of -- Herakles? They must mistake David's fancies with republican-aproved allegories.

And btw, could they speak of the Goddess of Reason? They don't know her, of course. Her, and all the other Feminine Allegories.

If the foppish Robespierre's suspicion of women was rooted in his peculiar psychology, it was also a matter of theoretical integrity.
WHAT? Say that again? WHAT???? They're mad or what?
They are mad, I know.

This dangerous fusion was on display early on, when Marie Antoinette was accused at her show trial of sexually abusing her son. If the Jacobins wanted to suppress activist women, they pictured them as "sexually depraved".
Okay, so can they stop generalising? People usually dislike me when I generalise, but may others stop too?

She insisted it was by her persuasion that Tallien, her husband, threatened Robespierre with (her) knife and brought an end to the terror.
What's their goal, turning that bitch into a heroine? Fuck you. All of you. That's all.


SECOND ARTICLE
French women have had to wait longer than the supposedly 'prudish' Anglo-Saxons to have the right to vote, divorce, have access to contraception and abortion, and even to open a bank account without their husband's consent.
I sense irony. And I dislike it. Very much so.

All of which suggests that Gallic machismo was embedded, rather than subverted, by the Revolution. When the men of 1789 spoke of "fraternity", they were being bluntly literal.
Because Anglo-Saxons aren't machists, of course not. They're beyond it, naturally. They're such feminists. *eyerolls*

He begins his Social Contract by declaring that "man is born free, but everywhere is in chains".
...they're not aware that man = human until like... the 1970s?

Indeed, there are times when, reading Moore's breathless descriptions of her "dazzling", "splendid", "ravishing" heroines, with their "countless lovers" (names are seldom given, which suggests that, as so often with the French, it is all talk), one yearns for a good dose of republican virtue and an end to the tedium of libertinage.
...oh, Reason.

It is a pity, for example, that more is not said about the female companions of the Jacobin 'villains' in this piece: Marat's common-law wife Simone Evrard, or Robespierre's sisters.
That's the worst part, of course. No comments. Apart from a *SIGH*.


And yeah. I guess I was feeling slightly better for the rant. >.>

[identity profile] maelicia.livejournal.com 2007-05-14 09:50 pm (UTC)(link)
Sorry, I think I messed up the fonts. So they letters may look gigantic and all. -_-;

[identity profile] estellacat.livejournal.com 2007-05-16 02:48 pm (UTC)(link)
It's okay, I can still read it all right and that's what matters.

[identity profile] estellacat.livejournal.com 2007-05-16 02:47 pm (UTC)(link)
Why do they compare the revolution which propulses the world into the contemporary era, the revolution in which everything is created and turned into something approximately achievable, in which they fight against despotism, oppression and privileges, to a destructive, imperialist war?
Well, to give them the benefit of the doubt they were probably just saying (wrongly, of course) that nothing important happened between the Revolution and WWI.

What the fuck are they speaking of -- Herakles? They must mistake David's fancies with republican-aproved allegories.
*nods* You'll find it's a common theme, despite the fact that the symbol of Herakles and the symbol of the Republic coexist quite peacefully in every allegory I've seen, because... THEY REPRESENT DIFFERENT THINGS. *headdesk*

And btw, could they speak of the Goddess of Reason? They don't know her, of course. Her, and all the other Feminine Allegories.
No, of course not; let's just completely forget that just about every allegory with the exception of le Peuple, le Temps, and le Courage and all feminine. *rolls eyes*

WHAT? Say that again? WHAT????
I went to the bookstore to look at this book last night--it's even worse than I feared and makes these reviews look really rather mild. In the index there's an entry for "Robespierre, ruthlessness of" which leads in the text to a quote from Furet. Not to mention other issues with this book like the fact that it's composed of one royalist, two girondines, two merveilleuses, and the token left-wing revolution (Pauline Léon, in this case, who is invariably spoken about very condescendingly, if not often worse). Even Manon Roland isn't reactionary enough for her (and apparently shares some of the characteristics of the Evil Bloodthirsty Robespierre (TM) ) and she speaks condescendingly about her too... until that is, she's emprisoned by the Evil Jacobin Regime (TM), at which point she suddenly becomes a sainted martyr for all women everywhere. The royalists and merveilleuses, of course, were wonderful from birth--Tallien Bitch especially. And yes, the author literally wants us to think that the merveilleuses were liberated and even proto-feminists!
........I REALLY want to strangle the stupid bitch who wrote that book. (And really, the fact that every British newspaper gave it such good reviews just proves the Perfidy of the Perfidious Albion.) /rant

Okay, so can they stop generalising? People usually dislike me when I generalise, but may others stop too?
Oh, the books even worse on that score. (As in: "Why is Robespierre an evil bloodthirsty tyrant? Because Furet said so. Condorcet also said he was like a priest--so let's just accept that statement uncritically--you know, the fair way to deal with everything said by any historical figure who wasn't a Robespierriste. In fact, let's add to it: he was the high priest of a sect. Of course! Evidence? Who needs that? Who needs evidence either for the especially contentious statement that some of the women of the galleries were *paid* to be there listening to Robespierre's speeches? It sounds likely given his Evil!Bloodthirsty!Jacobin-ness, so I'm sure it's true, etc.")/rant #2 Er, sorry about that. >__>

What's their goal, turning that bitch into a heroine?
Right in one. Also completely ignoring that if anyone in this equation is bloodthirsty, it's certainly Tallien.

[identity profile] maelicia.livejournal.com 2007-05-16 09:29 pm (UTC)(link)
Robespierre, ruthlessness of" which leads in the text to a quote from Furet.
A quote on the... RUTHLESSNESS of Maxime? Described by FURET? I feel masochistic enough to know what fiction the pseudo-historian invented in his crazy psychopatic mind.

And we can strangle the condescending bitch together. :D

P.S. And I believe we can all say that Robespierre wasn't only the high priest of a sect, but also the evil pope worshiping the cult of Lucifer-Saint-Just. Don't forget that. :D???????

[identity profile] estellacat.livejournal.com 2007-05-17 04:24 am (UTC)(link)
Furet doesn't actually use the term and I forget what he says exactly, but trust me, it's bad. (Of course, it's bad that Furet is about the only French source she actually quotes to begin with...)

...If only we really could. D:<

*headdesk* I only wish they would stop saying ridiculous things like that. >__

[identity profile] estellacat.livejournal.com 2007-05-16 02:47 pm (UTC)(link)
Because Anglo-Saxons aren't machists, of course not. They're beyond it, naturally. They're such feminists. *eyerolls*
Oh, *of course*. *headdesk*

...oh, Reason.
It's better than the British newspapers, but it's as if they have some kind of code: even in Scotland there's only so far you can go.

That's the worst part, of course. No comments. Apart from a *SIGH*.
Especially since, apart from the only remotely revolutionary woman they seem able to name being Simonne Évrard--which makes me suspect that, like most in the Anglo-American world the only two revolutionaries they've heard of are Marat and Maxime--and apart from having not heard of Éléonore or any other female robespierristes aside from Charlotte (who is really not the best example, considering her relationship with her brothers), they don't even know that Maxime's other sister died at the age of 19 and therefore was not alive during the Revolution. *headdesk* /rant #3

....Wow, that's a lot of ranting, sorry about that, again.

[identity profile] maelicia.livejournal.com 2007-05-16 09:33 pm (UTC)(link)
I also wondered about the Robespierre sisterS. They're too stupid to check, I suppose.

And I ranted quite a lot myself. :D


P.S. I would say that they've heard of Marat and Maxime because they all watched the Very Bad and Inaccurate Pseudo and Very Faux Documentary on the French Revolution Viewed Through the Eyes of Hostile Anglo-Americans and a Random French Royalist Who Use for First and Only Sources Furet, Wajda and Antonia Fraser (TM).

P.P.S. They obviously use Wajda for source because I've heard they were speaking of Robespierre's unexisting blue dress for the FdlES in that documentary. That's still to be verified, of course.

[identity profile] estellacat.livejournal.com 2007-05-17 04:27 am (UTC)(link)
*sighs* Not that this is really an excuse, but it seems slightly better for some random reviewer not to know a detail like that than someone who studies this for a living and is publishing books on it....and *still* doesn't know.

Perfectly justifiably.

It's possible, but I think that's just the general outlook of the English-speaking world--long before that "documentary" was made.

I believe they do mention in it that he was wearing a dress though. WTF, seriously.

[identity profile] maelicia.livejournal.com 2007-05-17 05:48 am (UTC)(link)
I really want to know who's the moron who first came up with the dress idea. Really.

[identity profile] estellacat.livejournal.com 2007-05-17 06:46 am (UTC)(link)
I have know idea, but if I ever find out--and they're still alive--they....won't be. D: